舍内不同湿度对肉鸡体热调节和血液指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在探讨舍内不同湿度对肉鸡体热调节和血液指标的影响，为禽舍内湿度的合理调控提供数据支持。将270只1日龄健康AA肉公雏随机分成3组，每组设6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。3个处理组分别为正常湿度组（60% RH）、低湿组（30% RH）和高湿组（90% RH）。试验在动物营养学国家重点实验室人工气候舱内进行，试验期为42 d。在肉鸡21和42日龄时，分别测定直肠温度、呼吸频率、血液指标和免疫器官指数的变化。结果表明：1）在21日龄时，与正常湿度组相比，低湿组和高湿组肉鸡直肠温度显著升高（P<0.05）；低湿组和高湿组呼吸频率有升高的趋势（P<0.1）。在42日龄时，低湿组肉鸡直肠温度显著降低（P<0.05）。2）在肉鸡21日龄时，与正常湿度组相比，低湿组和高湿组显著降低血液白细胞数和淋巴细胞数（P<0.05），低湿组血小板数目显著高于高湿组（P<0.05）。在肉鸡42日龄时，低湿组和高湿组显著降低血液白细胞数（P<0.05）。3）在肉鸡21日龄时，与正常湿度组相比，低湿组和高湿组血清尿素氮含量显著升高（P<0.05），高湿组总胆固醇含量显著低于正常湿度组和低湿组（P<0.05）；在42日龄时，低湿组和高湿组肉鸡血清总蛋白、尿酸、尿素氮含量高于正常湿度组，而肉鸡血清白蛋白、溶菌酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量低于正常湿度组。4）在21日龄时，低湿组肉鸡脾脏指数显著低于高湿组（P<0.05）。在42日龄时，与正常湿度组相比，低湿组显著降低血清IgA含量（P<0.05），高湿组显著降低血清IgM含量（P<0.05）。由此可见，长期高湿和低湿影响肉鸡的直肠温度和呼吸频率，改变血液白细胞数量、总胆固醇含量和尿素氮含量等生理生化指标，降低免疫功能，不利于肉鸡健康生长。

Abstract:

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of different humidity on thermoregulation and blood parameters of broilers, and to provide data support for the reasonable regulation of the humidity in the poultry house. Two hundred and seventy 1-day-old AA healthy broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 15 broilers per replicate.The treatments were normal control group (60% RH), low humidity group (30% RH) and high humidity group (90% RH). The experiment was conducted in an artificial climate chamber of state key laboratory of animal nutrition and lasted for 42 d. The rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, blood indices and immune organ indices were measured at the 21 and 42 days of age, respectively. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control group, at the 21 days of age, rectal temperature of low humidity group and high humidity group was significantly increased (P<0.05); the respiratory frequency of the low humidity group and high humidity group had a trend to rise(P<0.1); Rectal temperature of low humidity group significantly decreased at 42 days of age (P<0.05). 2) At 21 days of age, compared with the control group, low humidity and high humidity significantly reduced the number of white blood cells and lymphocyte count (P<0.05); The number of platelets were significantly higher in low humidity group than that in high humidity group(P<0.05). At 42 days of age, the number of white blood cells were significantly lower in low humidity and high humidity groups than that in the control group (P<0.05). 3) At 21 days of age, the serum urea nitrogen content in the low humidity group and the high humidity group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the total cholesterol content in the high humidity group was significantly lower than that in the control group and low humidity group (P<0.05). At 42 days of age, the serum total protein, uric acid and urea nitrogen contents in the low humidity group and high humidity group were higher than those in the control group, while the content of serum albumin, lysozyme, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were lower than the control group. 4) The spleen index of broilers in low humidity group was significantly lower than that of high humidity group at 21 days of age (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, at the age of 42 days, the content of IgA in low humidity group and the content of IgM in high humidity group were significantly lower (P<0.05). In conclusion, long-term low humidity or high humidity affected the rectal temperature and respiratory frequency of broilers, changed the number of white blood cells, total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen content and other blood physiological and biochemical parameters, reduced immune function, and it was not beneficial to healthy growth of broilers.

中图分类号:

S831.4

孙永波, 栾素军, 王亚, 萨仁娜, 张宏福. 舍内不同湿度对肉鸡体热调节和血液指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(4): 669-677.

SUN Yong-bo, LUAN Su-jun, WANG Ya, SA Ren-na, ZHANG Hong-fu. Effect of Relative Humidity in Poultry House on Thermoregulation and Blood Parameters of Broilers[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(4): 669-677.

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